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Chapter 7 - Second Council of Lyons |
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Second Council of Lyons 1274 CE |
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Date |
May 7 to July 17, 1274
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Called by |
Pope Gregory X |
Presided by |
Pope Gregory X |
Attendance |
560 (bishops and abbots |
Key topics |
Conquest of the Holy Land, Great Schism, filioque, conclaves |
Documents & Statements |
Approval of Dominicans and Franciscans, apparent resolution of the Great Schism, tithe for the crusade, internal reforms. |
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Background |
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A new crusade was organized, and regulations regarding the papal election were approved. An effort at reconciling the Catholic and Orthodox Churches failed.
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Key Innovations for elimination of heresy and heretics |
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Confirmation and approval of Papal Bull Ad exstirpanda of May 15, 1252 of Pope Innocent IV which was confirmed by Pope Alexander IV on November 30, 1259, and by Pope Clement IV on November 3, 1265 authorising and legitimising the use of cruel and barbaric torture to elicit confessions. |
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In Ad exstirpanda Innocent IV wrote: When those adjudged guilty of heresy have been given up to the civil power by the bishop or his representative, or the Inquisition, the podestà or chief magistrate of the city shall take them at once, and shall, within five days at the most, execute the laws made against them. |
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Pope Innocent IV also ordered that this Bull and corresponding regulations of Frederick II be entered in every city among the municipal statutes under pain of excommunication, a punishment also visited on those who failed to follow the papal and imperial decrees. |
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Approval of actions of Pope Alexander IV on April 27, 1260 authorising and inquisitors (torturers) to absolve one another of any irregularities in the pursuit of their duties and the subsequent renewal of this authorization by Pope Urban IV renewed this on August 2, 1262. |
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Represents the first time in history that a religion has given formal legal and spiritual absolution to torturers effectively offering anyone who kills, tortures and/or commits evil acts in the name of the Roman Catholic Church complete absolution of their sins. Law finally repealed by the church in the 20th Century. |
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